As we could access the `length` property of an array, we can also access functions built into the array to manipulate it. These functions are called `methods`.

In this lesson, we will learn about the `push`, `pop`, `shift` and `unshift` methods.

## push

The `push` method adds an element to the end of an array.

```javascript
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];

animals.push('cows');

console.log(animals);
// Output: ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep', 'cows']
```

## pop

The `pop` method removes the last element of an array.

```javascript
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];

animals.pop();

console.log(animals);
// Output: ['pigs', 'goats']
```

## shift

The `shift` method removes the first element of an array.

```javascript
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];

animals.shift();

console.log(animals);
// Output: ['goats', 'sheep']
```

## unshift

The `unshift` method adds an element to the beginning of an array.

```javascript
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];

animals.unshift('cows');

console.log(animals);
// Output: ['cows', 'pigs', 'goats', 'sheep']
```

There are other methods that can be used to manipulate arrays. You'll learn about them in the next sections.

## Caution

The `shift` and `unshift` methods are slower than `push` and `pop`. As they modify the beginning of the array, they have to move all the other elements in the array to a new place in memory.

## Exercise

Do you remember what each method does? Select the correct method for each description.

Array methods - push, pop, shift and unshift

push

pop

shift

unshift

Caution

Exercise